For the rest of your life. What they really are is a status symbol. I know several employers that will hire someone on the spot if they have the Black Badge on their resume. Badges are very special. I try and really go over the top with them. So maybe you may have seen the one I did with the mechanical parts in them for DEF CON 21 which was in homage to my grandfather. So, I was talking about the theme I was wearing this shirt now that I'm transitioning to talk about the uber badges I need to have a change of wardrobe here. If you can bear with me. [ Cheers and applause ] [ laughter ] How many of you know what that is? Wow. Room full of really smart people only a few clapped. That's painful. There's no back. I've been really into Richard Feinman this year, I had before but really the hacker aspects of thinks life, realize he was a safe cracker, inside of top secret facilities used to break into other people's saves and leave them notes and that kind of -- [ inaudible ] Is it fucked in? Is it fucked up? Sorry, mom. My mom actually told me to quit swearing in my talks live in front of everybody yesterday. That was fun. We start out the base of the uber badge is an acrylic that has been etched in what is called a Lichtenburg figure. There is a guy named Bert hickman he's a retired physicist, really awesome guy, spent many hours on the phone with him talking about these. So, the origin of this type of itching dates clear back to -- etching back to 1777 these were run through a five million volts particle accelerator. It is to charge up acrylic. Then forcibly discharges usually taking metal object and spiking it to ground. Much akin to the way the discharge happens on the cloud when a bolt of lightning happens. These are -- referred to as lightning sculptures. What you have on the base of the uber badge is you are holding lightning in your hand, approximation as I can get to. The potentials when they were charged was high as -- it's actually really dangerous you can see the discharge happening there. And the research that came out of these actually is the basis for what is now modern day plasma physics. Those are really awesome. When I was talking to Bert he said, it's actually interesting that the U.S. Air Force holds the patent on the fabrication process of these. It was because during unmanned test space flights they were having instrumentation that was coming back with dials that were being shattered and had similar patterns in them. So they studied the process, after the fact, even though there was prior art back in 1777 but the entire process how that happened through the space flights was how they came to form the patent, that was really interesting. He told me that back in the '70s there were people that were making these and giving them away, traveling Seattle man were using them as give aways to entice people to buy their wares, they stopped. Time on a particle accelerator is not cheap you have to now get permission of the U.S. Air Force to make them, I guess, if you care about patents, what? So, the next thing that you will see on the uber badge on the bottom, there is glass that has been doped with uranium 238 about 3% by weight. It fluoresces like a mother when you hit it with UV light. I also took all of the adhesives that were used to attach this have been doped with a phosphorous powder, even the glue is -- glows when you charge it up. One night after I'd been working on building these, I built them all by hand, I got into bed I rolled over my wife looked at me she jumped back I thought somebody was breaking in the house to murder us. Your hair is glowing ! I -- what had happened I gotten this phosphorous powder on my hands when I was working, because I do my hand, I had rubbed it through my hair because I was sweating. And the sweat had pulled the powder off my hands had gotten, she said it was absolutely terrifying. In addition to that many know what trillium is. How many have it -- it's exit signs, in gun sites stuff like that. But the interesting thing is the nuclear regulatory commission controls the sale of. This it determines who is allowed to purchase it, who is allowed to have it. I actually found out that when you buy like those exit signs, you are actually getting, I forget the exact term like a temporary license to have that volume of tritium. You have to actually theoretically dispose in very particular way which never happens. The exit signs wind up in landfills all the time. How many of you guys from the U.K.? You guys in U.K. you know you can buy these as keychains in the U.K., U.K. is like, you can have all the Tritium you want. In order the for me to get -- real quick comment. There's a guy runs a site, he was trying to become an importer of tritium to make key chains to make it a business he wanted to sell them. The Tritium glows for rough ly 12-20 years depending how much you put in it. Usually a gas vile. It reacts with the coating on the inside of that glass it's what fluoresces, it's like permanent glow in the dark stuff. He wanted to make key chains outed of it, find keys in the dark that kind of thing. He has entire blog of his mail and letter correspondents back and forth with the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission, it's hilarious the discussion they have. It's ridiculous, what they consider frivolous versus useful, well, finding your key is useful, it's useful. They're going back and forth. If you're interested in that go read about it, it's really funny. I have a hypothetical story here because I would never do this. I heard about some guy that found a source of Tritium that would ship to the United States in sealed packets of -- [ laughter ] And so when things would come through customs they would be labeled as, I don't know, key chain, ironically. Or coffee. And you get these letters, you're thinking, Hmm, I'm wondering if to tell dark tangent that I wasted some of his money because I bought vials off the Internet from some guy and he sent me coffee. You open up the packets, there is your vials. Those in the states, apparently the nuclear regulatory commission doesn't give a rip of like small amounts because you have them in your gun sites and everything else, some watches. They just like to determine who does the fabrication manufacturer and want to have it as a controlled substance, ultimately I believe because they charge large fees for people that are getting those licenses to do it. But anyway. Going on. The badges are safe. What you're seeing there is on each uber badge there are two -- beads, those vials are embedded in them. Those of you who win an uber this year when you put this on your wall you go to sleep at night, the eyes of the skull will be staring into your soul for the rest of your life. For those of you -- how many know what banana equivalent dose is? For those unfamiliar, because everyone keeps going, are they safe, are these safe? Don't put the badge near your nuts you don't have kids again, you know. There is a unit of measure that is kind of a joke amongst those that are really into nuclear physics or just screwing around with radioactive stuff. Called banana equivalent dose. Due to the potassium in a banana, you get a certain amount of radiation. Same thing with sleeping next to somebody, walking outside, there is background radiation, I just found it hilarious this thing called the banana equivalent dose, the B.E.D. that I listed there. Matt is in my room looking at these he had his Geiger counter, he want to see independently of the stuff that I had done what the data versus gamma versus alpha was off of these. You still hear me? Yes? We're dead fish. Hello? All right. There's a picture of one of the uranium vials. I think I have -- yeah, I do have one in my pocket still. If anyone wants to come look at this, this one actually mix of different. The reason I show you the Dram in addition to the vile that's on there as well as the uranium doped glass marble underneath one of them, there is a mixture of pitch, yellow cake and uranium Ore if you turn the badge over because the Lichten is clear, I made the little viewing window. The skull holds the radioactive material in because better object to hold radioactive material than a skull. So, that just shows, put the samples in, this is where I had already mounted the marbles I hadn't put the Ores in yet. Who knows what happened on July 16, 1945? Not very many of you, right? The reason I went to all this trouble is I'm an avid collector of things, I like to feel connected to heroes of mine. Whether it be in research, mathematics, linguistics, whatever. Fineman has been my obsession I was trying to think, fineman is no longer living, what is closest I could be to seeing one of his experiments. So fineman and Oppenheimer were present on July 16, 1945, device known at gadget was the first nuclear detonation. That happened in New Mexico. When you do that, when you do a nuclear test like that, you form this substance called Trinitite. Sorry, water was almost falling. I have also procured Tritium from the actual test site that they were at. And it is also embedded on the badge underneath the skull on the other side. So, not theoretically, literally you're hold Ink your hands one step removed a piece of an experiment that was conducted by fineman when you get one of these badges. That means a lot to me. I'll all about giving credit to the shoulders of giants that I try to stand on. This is kind of my homage yet again to hero of mine. Tartare the Trinitite has been analyzed by a couple of different labs, there's a guy online named hunter Scott who took some to Georgia tech, in their lab that they were able the actually not only verify the signature but the distance from the epicenter of the blast based on the signature. Which from these samples I'm not releasing what it is, it's kind of like my crypto key because even if somebody managed to detonate a nuclear bomb collect the samples, place them on a piece of acrylic which has been charged with through a particle accelerator forcibly discharge the hold lightning go through all of that trouble and order coffee from Singapore and vials, mount them on there it's still not going to have the same nuclear signature as this badge. Thank you. [Applause] It's like uber RSA token although it takes awhile to verify. There is a final picture of the badge, there's fineman there. And fineman here. I wanted -- I didn't want to get up here ranted, I aplogize if it felt that way I want you guys to have a great DEF CON. I want you to talk to each other. I told the guys in 101, if you don't feel like someone here is approachable then I think they're a dick and I don't want them here anyway. Thank you. Please clap for that. Don't be a dick. [ Applause ] We really don't want those people in the community. There's a number of people that get a lot of press, don't let it go to your head, they're approachable they started just like everybody else did. Really with what is going on in the outside people trying to legislate research and force back dooring and weakening of standards that is something that needs to be taken head on and we're only going to be able to do that as if you're a unified community. I love the fact that I can come here to DEF CON and I can wear dorky T-shirts I don't have to explain them to people. I was talking to Nicky, I made a joke, I said, occasionally hey, look there, everybody turn and wave. That's Jeff Moss, dark tangent. [Applause] So, you are all here today because of Jeff. And so I think Jeff is going to come up say few words, point I was making, the joke was, as far as the opening ceremony Jeff is an interrupt routine. Jeff comings up and then my -- he talks. But Jeff is the reason that I'm here. This conference has affected my life in more ways than one. I'm grateful for him, those of you this year first time make a lot out of the conference. But I'd like everyone please give hand to Jeff. [Applause] >> Covered in radioactive dust now, you told them about that, how they have to decontaminate on -- okay. Good. All right. Thank you for coming to the Con just if you don't show by hands how many people are new here? Do it again. My gosh, that's great. I'm curious how many not from the United States? Holy -- not Canada. [ laughter ] Okay, now it makes more sense. I knew I was forgetting a key part that have question. Awesome. So that's great. Because what we try to do every year, it would be stagnant in the conference would end up dieing if we can't bring in fresh blood. If you think about our hacking community, at least the way it started for me probably for you, it was really sort of an apprenticeship style program in the early days for me, because there was no Amazon, there was no web, there was no security books written anywhere. There's no Google. So, it was really about how do you get into hacking. How do you even know hacking exist? For me it was the movie "War games" that got me interested. It was a good one. [ Applause ] You know, I didn't know all the problems with the movie just shot it was really cool movie. And later on in life, it was funny I end up meeting this other hacker, one of the next ones I met, I met at -- it was interesting because speaker was speaking on stage at DEF CON 1 we only had a hundred people. He's sitting over there, he's making a little phone call on a cell phone. That right off the bat not many people had cell phones. So I end up talking to him. I'm like -- he's talking to me being really open. I said, you know that last speaker that was speaking, yeah, I'm in his e-mail system so I've been reading what he's been doing. I don't know if what he was telling you really is what he's doing. It's like, really? Yeah, I have to get into this other guy's e-mail system and verify that. It was just like all the hackers were in everybody else's e-mail systems. And they were -- anybody that was working on anything interesting they would just shoulder surf get over your shoulder. So, he ran a system in Seattle where he was from, which is where I was from a -- it was strange. He would have a bulletin board system with a big screen that said, if you find my system, let me know. Because I don't advertise this system. The whole point of it was like a honey net. He was trying to find other hackers. So, like in "War games" he had a system if you dialed the city you found his system, he wanted to meet you. And that was his way of meeting new people. And so, he told me when "War games" came out he was so pissed off because he was like, Dammit now my secrets are out, now people are going to lockdown these modems and severing going to be secure. [ laughter ] I wish it was that simple to fix things. Release a movie. My point is, that it became an apprenticeship program. I had to meet the right people. They had to meet the right people. Then we had to learn from each other and be introduced to others so it was through this sort of web of trust that where you would meet other people. That guy is a UNIX guy, that is a SS7 guy, you need to talk to that guy he knows what he's doing when it comes to Unicode or something. Nowadays we've lost that. We don't have really apprenticeship program. I'm curious how many people learned about hacking from a friend? How many people learned about hacking you just started Googling it and YouTubing it. About the same. Pretty surprising. What I try to do with the conference encourage people to meet others and to teach others. Because really, what's the difference between that and just sitting online and reading books. So, that's why I'm excited that a lot of you are first time people. I think you are going to get a lot out of it and we keep saying this, the conference is what you make of it. But that's no bull shit that's really true. Anyway, something I want to leave you with, just think about the next generation, think about who you're going to sort of teach or who you want to be taught by. It's not binary you can be doing two things at the same time. You are going to actually get more out of it teaching someone because they're going to ask you a question and you don't know the answer to it and you're going to have to -- then the other cool things you can do projects, you can do more things. If you look how hacking has evolved it's really sort of turning into a team sport. And the lone contributor can still make big strides but if you think how do the companies work, militaries work, defense teams work, how does any of this stuff work? It's in teams. Even our puzzle challenges are team based. How many notices there are codes even on your lanyards those that are first time. I do that every year to force to you talk to each other. Because no single person can go just do the crypto challenge. Because you have to talk to other people, collect other pieces of information. It's just like on the web. The corpus of knowledge to become like the ultimate lead hacker is tougher and tougher as the knowledge base grows. It becomes harder and harder to become an expert in all fields. So you really have to have a diversity of people on your team as far as their skill sets are concerned. Like he was saying, we try to encourage to you meet and talk to each other not to -- function in isolation, even here at the conference I've been to many security conferences where I seen people that spend entire time either, they're in a talk listening or in the hallway on their laptop. They aren't talking to anyone, they aren't interacting with anyone, they aren't making these connections. These are your -- this is like your extended hacker family. This is the place you can go and wear your T-shirt not have to explain it to somebody. Or if you do, they're interested in the explanation. I can't tell you number of times I've gone through the check out counter at a grocery store the teller will -- either fake laugh at my shirt I'll have a tech joke on it I know for a fact they didn't understand what it meant or they will look at me like I'm crazy and very rarely they will actually asking what it means. I'll explain it to them as generally as I can, like, Huh. >> His shirts are like that bulletin board for my friend. If you get his shirt he wants to know you. Your filtration device. I'll just do couple administrative things around the show for first time people. There is too much show going on for to you see it all. For me that was about DEF CON 4. When I was so pissed at first, I was so angry that more crap was happening at the conference that I could see. Like things were happening I would never know about at the conference. And it took me awhile to be okay with that. Because you want to experience everything. I wanted to see everything that was happening. Then over the years I realized, you know what we're doing with the show we're providing -- almost like we're conference is a platform. Or crap or something. What we're trying to do is we provide platform for people. You want to do wall of sheep. We think you can pull it off, guess what, I'll give you enough rope to hang yourself. You do that. If everybody it, you're not coming back. If everybody likes it you get more rope the next year. So, we have this constant renewal of contests and events, that's why you see some are super polished and fantastic others that are rough and ragged. >> Now the DT is advocating bondage at DEF CON. >> I advocate bondage in general is probably, get us in less trouble. So then with all the things that are going on, it's okay, not going to see everything. Follow Twitter, Facebook, whatever. But that's half the fun because you find people that have radically different experiences from the same conference. Some people are night people. And Vegas is perfect for you it's open 24/7 there's parties, music, movies, whatever do you a lot of things late in the night 2:00, 3:00 in the morning we do things sometimes pretty early in the morning. So unless you're assisted by chemical support unit you are probably not going to be up for it all. That is cool. So, just want to let you know that we're available to help give you direction. And we're also available to like let you find your own way. So that's kind of the -- videos. Yeah. In case don't know you see this going on on the right. This is for people that might be vision impaired but really what it came out of also was -- vision impaired? Drink. All I've got is water. I'm sorry. So it turns out, though, that for the state of California a couple of years ago they had a law that said you can't have any teaching materials in a classroom that doesn't have the second audio program or doesn't have the -- what do you call it? Captioning. Yes. So, I wanted to have all DEF CON in the California school system if possible and so I had to start paying for captioning. So we went out we found a captioning company. [Applause] So, because of this, it turns out not only then do we get California, it's possible for to use the system now be compliant with state laws but also it means when you watch this stuff on YouTube once we finally upload it, you look at the translation it doesn't look like glip banana computer car. It actually makes sense because auto translate from YouTube doesn't work well with all of our technical lingo. The other thing we do, everything of course is available for free we give it all away sort of back to the community. [ Applause ] When I started doing that at the first DEF CON, I couldn't -- first DEF CON we made audio tapes and sold them. As the Internet came along we put everything online and gave it away. Partially that was sort of forcing function I wanted to force other conventions to do that. I wanted to force the information to be free and almost every conference does this. And I think that's a great thing. [ Applause ] So, you can always come back watch the videos. You can always come back and read what's going on. So if you see something you want to do in person, you have a great hallway conversation with someone, you're learning a lot, don't worry about the talks, you can get to the talks. You can't get to those great conversations and build those relationships later that's harder. So, just through like what your priorities are. There's a joke that there's two conferences, there's the hallway Con and speaking Con, that's true. So, just think what you want to get out of the conference. What are your thoughts on that. >> So, to go further, thank you, Jeff, for everybody, again, for the conference. [ Applause ] So, I can say I wouldn't be here, be where I am professionally if it wasn't for Jeff and DEF CON because it affected my professional career. Like Jeff was saying like we have things like the 1057 room, there were guys last night until 5:00, 6:00 this morning that's open 24 hours, there's probably still guys there now. Still from last night. I would encourage you, take a piece of one of the puzzle challenges find someone else to work on it with you. Even just if you're in line waiting for something flip open the program, see if you can crack them. It's design to start get you interacting with other people or just introduce yourself. Find somebody that has something interesting, go to the speakers, like I was saying earlier, the speakers are approachable. Go up and talk to them afterwards, a lot of them do QA and talk to people. Take advantage of that. This is one of the rare opportunities where you have to go up and directly speak to these people, that's what I did. In fact to put the point on the end of the comment Jeff was making, that's how I'm here. I came here my first DEF CON competed in a contest, after that I started getting involved. I went to Jeff, I want to do this thing, he said, can ahead. Now look what's happened. Jeff is wonderful in the fact that he will give people the opportunity to try. Give you an opportunity to try, but it's up to you to make what you will of it. We'd like to thank you all for coming out. Welcome you to DEF CON, I don't know if Jeff say the official DEF CON is -- >> DEF CON is now open! [Applause] See you around. >> Go for it. >> Yes, now leave. [ laughter ] >> You don't have to go. "This text is being provided in a rough draft format. Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) is provided in order to facilitate communication accessibility and may not be a totally verbatim record of the proceedings."