How great it is, 20 years ago when I first spoke at DEF CON, the talk is hacking, transplanting life for the 21st Century, a lot came to be true, the people in audience were kids and now they have responsibility of good and evil in the world.
	Saw they would be thought leaders in the century, they are, and create, space we live and move, which is the IT space, security space we inhabit.
	Because revolution is old, it gathered momentum and conquered the world and created the flat form we live.
	Because of that, every other thing on flat form is accelerating at the same rate the speed that it itself moved at and generated and bio is one of those areas.
	It's accelerated, by bio I mean broadly speaking, all aspects of biology and neuroscience that will impact us more and more, they are genuinely creating a new kind of humanity.
	And framing who we're going to be and design ourselves to be.
	It sounds like science fiction but it isn't, some is on the level of smaller animals than us but it will migrate and the proof of concept is established by doing the work on those animals, some of those in the same form, some not.
	But it's worth taking a look at.
	I want to start with quote from Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14 astronaut.
	From a conversation we had.
	In space I had epiphany, experience of connectedness of everything.
	I came to understand it, where you experience, see separateness of things with physical eye and see connectedness in altered state.
	I had to find deep issues, recognizing scientific cosmology was incomplete and religious cosmology chaotic.
	Looking for new myth about ourselves by but by myth I mean truth.
	Amazing thing is not he experiences unity of all things, we experience as anything as separate at all.
	Our condition ever being is interconnecttiveness not only with each other but with everything.
	So this talk is trying to face down the fact that humans are opened systems of information and energy.
	And the current work in bio tech, nano tech, artificial organisms, so surveillance, intrusion, health and healing and weapons to disarm, debilitate and kill, intersects with tradition, all information security model, but becoming a tail that wags the dog, the hacker dog.
	IT causes identity shift.
	By turning command and control, individuals who exercise authority in hierarchal ways to nodes and network who learn they can exercise power by participating in network and attempt to control and dominate, do not work in the same way.
	Now what we called individual selves are dissolving into realtime, physical modular network systems, transforming identity and, future.
	We're physical, we're not computer.
	And research turns into prototypes and prototypes into the indications what it means to be human is generally being transformed.
	Symbiotic side board system [static-inaudible] splicing organic humans and intelligent machinery is the platform but goes beyond computing in the Internet and information systems by which we mean communication information systems we had made.  This is about the we who made and our making a system of energy and information flows in which we're increasingly embedded.
	That may sound obvious, but requires unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious, he also said major advances in civilization are processes that wreck the society in which they occur and that is what is happening to us today.
	It's the business of the future he went on to be dangerous, among the merits science to equip the future for duties.
	Scientists and technologists are doing, by altering identity of humanity, to new species we don't know yet and find those we did in the past.
	The future is here but unevenly distributed.
	The latest development read like sci-fi for a good reason, how left brain dreams of own future.
	In the book Earth To Moon, took one hundred years before what he predicted became reality.
	Brave New World in the 30's, and 60 years later we were ingesting SOMA and conditioning society.
	Create notion of cyberspace in the word and 10 years later everybody was living in it.
	10 years ago, Bruce Sterling, said to me, there's no way to predict the future any more, in science fiction because future has already happened and most you can do is 4 or 5 years, and most of that is obsolete, most people still live out there, not this room of elite but normals we call it.
	Those who live in the hump of the bell curve and hump along.
	I created that word and happiest tweets, humpling, in this book Mind Games, in break memory I formulate that concept, hump is 100%, dominant and manage and manipulate society.
	Master is first, designing and substantiating and humplings humping along, and those that have Fox News channel.
	(Applause) So, the future is here.
	(Laughter)  Living tissue is being made artificially, you know that.
	Memories made of this is an old song, but coming to mean something different.
	Memories are made of proteins and proteins can be altered and transfers.
	One of modules of this talk will be about memory.
	Talking about memories, the ground of matrix for identity and now it can be impaired, eliminated, taken emotional charge off, altered or moved, created falsely.
	So who are we then?  It was said in [static-inaudible] about 3 D printing a couple years ago, it's in the early stages, but transplantable organs are years away, bladders, lungs and livers tomorrow, so far we have heart values, small 3 D clusters of tissue to experiment on, cartilage for knees, nose and joints.
	I'll say more about that.
	3 D printing you can do, experiment with creating own living tissue, close the door when you get done, so can't come under the door out of the room after you.
	You can't appreciate what is happening with biotech without grasping that you can't grasp the totality of what's happening.
	Advancing faster than anyone can know.
	So, this is a [static-inaudible] trip.
	We think we're walking into a different kind of future and find ourselves coming back to who we are, published papers are out of date by the time they're published.
	And much of the work is done in the dark, in research facilities in military and communities.
	They're often off the grid.
	Making place all over the world and being done by network amateurs supported by nation states -- in other words biohacking is hacking now, period.
	Information system is merely the machinery which connects the humanity that is [static-inaudible] from itself.
	Let me turn to somebody who says better than I can.
	Christopher Green.
	Has worn many hats.
	Resume' 17 pages long and all solid.
	16 years reporting only the director of CIA, senior division analyst for weapons and intelligence, bimedical branch of CIA, worked for GM, done global work.
	To talk about who he is, took into studies, we conversed a few hours in Detroit.
	With the explosion of discoveries in area of neuroscience will come individuals, countries that exploit findings for nefarious purposes.
	It's growing offshore and hidden.
	Customers do not possess diagnosable neurological disorder but, want to prevent a probable decline and in the performance degradation arena, scientists and physicians are joined and challenged in new ways.
	Translate that -- they want to give advantage to themselves.
	Want to prevent themselves from declining or being impaired and the advantages they seek will challenge our core values because they will challenge our ethics and our fundamental way of doing things.
	Implications for military, law enforcement, intelligence communities he went on to those we experienced in the past.
	Material science and biochemistry, threats in nuclear weapons, cyber warfare and chemical and biological Weaponry, peer related scholarly study, neurocognitive future are outdated by the time of publication.
	Until recently, it is not known how to control action potentials.
	Using manipulative energies to make muscle and the organisms that had the muscle do things.
	Now we know it's 5 years old.
	Transcranial pulse to ultrasound, in other words not invasive.
	Non plants, uses pulsed ultrasound.
	Generated motor responses in mice.
	Getting through layers of skin and skull to, [static-inaudible] hard reconfiguring waiver [static-inaudible] generates comparable motor responses to those using implanted electrodes.
	Already we're growing out of implants in the brain which have been used to work on certain diseases.
	What can ultrasound do, modify behavioral states and memory formation.
	Manipulate brain function and stimulate the production of brain drive, in the -- to increase brain plasticity.
	Means we can use pulse to ultrasound to enhance ability of brain to respond to plasticity to inputs fed into it and sensory input and cognitive input to challenge it to make sense to the world around it.
	And it could eliminate memories.
	First probably in gaming show up in hackers, they will be able to download information and experiences.
	While encoding them into the brain, using ultrasound.
	That could lead to creativity hats.
	They already exist, making the pulse all that sound -- putting them in hat and enhancing ability to have brain to respond to life and to focus.
	To be highly focused.
	Why is it important for military, the focused soldier, the post important soldier.
	Attentive to the task at hand.
	The means to detect, record, modulate brain signals is moving faster than we can grasp.  How can we guess which applications can be pursued by organizations in this country and others [static-inaudible] and interest, which may be for good, maybe for evil.
	Okay.
	Another quote -- he wrote, long time ago, 1998, last century, bottom line -- human body much like a computer contains myriad data processors, include but not limited to chemical electrical activity of the brain, the heart and peripheral nervous system.
	Signal sent from cortex from brain to body, signals and light sensitive retina, cornea of eye, in the threshold of era in which these data processors in human body will be manipulated, debilitated.
	This is serious stuff and serious threat potential exists.
	This is where it comes in the realm of hacker DOM.  White hat, black hat, whatever that may mean, he wrote that in 1998.
	Work done inside, in the dark generally is not out here or noticed out here for 20-30 years, like stealth technology, or drones.
	Developed in the 1970's are just now becoming known.
	One way to determine the future we're talking is look inside the research and development, how you do that creative work and connect dots best over time lines using tools [static-inaudible] online to see where we have already been.
	And how, it is often used for covering deception to protect secrets that it represents.
	So we're saying companion [static-inaudible] in the Navy indicates magnetic fields of low levels can influence animal behavior, creating seizures and blocking short-term memories.
	We can erase memories.
	Most of you are young, who is 60 or over, raise your hand, you had colonoscopy, I know surgeon, people work in surgical center, crying out now you need this, and come out hour later and say how was your procedure, it was great.
	I didn't feel a thing.
	What they didn't have were the memories of what they did feel.
	The drug they gave him made sure those memories were wiped out.
	We can do it that way, people willingly consent -- and, and through magnetic fields of low levels that can block short memory formation.
	We know on societal level that's what media has done, that's what memory hole is for, distract people from what's real and happening by giving them nonsense.
	My wife and I watch watched [static-inaudible] it was seamless transition.  Because we were watching that nonsense both movie and real life basis -- horrible things, I go to intelligence briefings and all the people are being blown up, kidding, bombs exploding and great way to start the day.
	But it's real.
	And reality is, will not go away because you refuse to believe in it.
	All emerging technology, hazards 2 ways.
	Go horribly wrong or unforeseen consequences when they go right.
	Bad intentions drive -- we developed atom bomb to stop Hitler, when Germany went down, we had to use it and used on Japan.
	In part warning to Soviets, what we could do in the postwar world.
	Neurotechnology products will all be dual use, products intended for health will be sold for enhancement and degradation, safety, social, legal constraints we think about here may not apply in other countries.
	Other wants applications -- [static-inaudible] is to discover them and warn and prepare counter measures.
	But so far, our governments do not have internal capacity to warn against neuroscientific developments that could lead, what we anticipate will happen, will happen [static-inaudible] coming.
	That's why science and technology is priority for intelligence collection and analysis.
	We are no longer the best and brightest at this, it's all over the world and we're alone in this any longer.
	So, how do you live in a world without walls.
	I used to say that about IT, bringing down, now it's around identities themselves.
	Identities are functional boundaries and brown drinks around organisms, species, internal systems of organs, that's what's going with the way of geopolitical borders.
	Weakest link in security chain is definition of problem, often not what people think it is, the weakest link in identity chain is also the definition of problem and real definition of identity is not what people are using and working with, you are who you are becoming, who we're making ourselves become and think in 20th Century, old think is adequate to intelligent organism developing on the planet, in the 21st Century and hacking is about to enter that space with passion.
	The Microsoft(r) slogan, should be who do you want to be today and what do you want to be today.
	So talking about identity, what is identity?  Many years ago we had this book, Society Of Mind.
	He said -- [static-inaudible] mind is modular and looks like this.
	You think a different image, as a metaphor it looks like that.
	It's modular units, integrated and referred to an illusionary self.
	Each mind is made of smaller processes.  We join them in societies or networks.
	It also leads to sense of self and illusionary sense of self Einstein called, open it will illusion of consciousness.
	It is nothing more than elaborate illusion.
	Many believe about selfhood unravel.
	This is relevant.
	Because whatever is plugged into existing neuron the channels that exist into the brain, the body brain which is one system, will parse that and neo plastic brain can be used as inputs an in grated to self-awareness and self will think that is who it is, the way you think you are not.
	You will be that which is created into the, assimilated into and unified with that illusionary sense of self just defined.
	So like the Internet disappeared.
	How many said I'm going on the Internet today.
	Young people, older people, say I'm going to text, tweet, make a call.
	You refer to event of going on the Internet by appliance replace invisible Internet going into the background.
	We don't say turn on power grid, we say turn on lights or projector.  
	If somebody from 17th century come into our society.
	All they see is power lines, you filter them out so you don't see them.  We make things invisible out of new context of our lives and full with new content that can then be created.
	Sensory extensions can be plugged into us in a way that plasticity of the brain can take advantage of and integrate.
	People that learn Braille, it's done with fingertips, raised dots and people who are blind, at first can't feel anything, I -- way to hear.
	First put it on, you felt vibrations but after months, you formulate words that activate different sensors.
	When you learn the Braille, the part of brain that links to sensitivity of fingertips increases it's connectivity.
	Grows more and more neurons.
	What you intend, what attend to, often engages the brain in a kind of secondary effort to make sure you get what you want.
	I knew a guy blind, could speed up cassette tapes, nobody has them -- you know what I mean?  And you put in machine and it gets caught up, and unwind tape and curse.
	He sped those up 6 times because he trained his brain to hear speech at 6 times normal speed.
	The brain can do astonishing things in response to what we ask them to do.
	We add artificial retinas, Cochlear Implant, infrared night vision glasses, the guy that built the field safe belt.  6 weeks, [static-inaudible] he had built line with 13 vibrating pads, outside was power line, connect to magnetic field.
	At first it was strange, but whole perception of who he was and where he was shifted.
	Developed internal map of city in head.
	Always knew his way home.
	Always new were north was, tricky bit not creating sensors [static-inaudible] start to work with them, the tricky part is processing the input.
	So you had to change sensory data.
	Ultrasound, infrared, something human brain is trained to accept.
	Brain is more flexible than we thought.
	Now, we can build them.
	It's limited only by your imagination.
	In terms of what shall I explore, from the environment that my brain did not detect.
	1996 they wanted to work in retinal display from outside source directly on the retina of viewer's eye.
	A program manager, announced project.
	Direct interface to enable visual display of information without glasses or goggles.
	[Static-inaudible] base display device, short-term goal was this big, couple inches high, even table simple visual display.
	The visual fidelity, this is not ready for prime time but eventually as enhanced you'll find the device could replace all virtual reality and augmented reality displays.
	So what you're seeing there, is guy wearing second SIGHT, retinal prosthesis, reroutes visual data to eye parts that still work.
	It's like a video camera gathers light, transmits to brain by implant as electrical signal.
	You can also see with tongue.
	Guy did this, put sensors on the tongue enabled someone to see in the same way that magnetic field could be detects.
	Another example, color blind monkeys, using gene therapy, were able to see red or green.
	The surprise we can do with adult animals, evidence of visual system is incredibly plastic, -- [static-inaudible] take up a notch.
	Some women see more colors than all men.
	I think on X chromosome -- it's genetic mutation and enables brain to process thousands of shades, lights, colors that other people cannot see.
	To a color blind person to see not color blind is extraordinary and see enhanced way that 20% of women can see [static-inaudible] how little norms see.
	That's great metaphor for what hackers can [static-inaudible] -- this is important part.
	Brains are wired the same way as person with normal vision.
	Can they see more, by practicing, practicing makes perfect even when it comes to neuropathways.
	Even many more [static-inaudible] may exist, know it or have exceptional color perception because they haven't first noticed that they did, second allowed themselves to do special exceptional and different, and willing to practice to train brains to pay attention to sensory inputs.
	That's really important.
	Because it says even if you're wired for it, in your chromosomes, you have to allow yourself to know who you are, not listen to the voices that disparage who you are, allow yourself to receive sensory input and have the guts to train your brain to become exceptional and special.
	It is no accident that moves about the X men are so popular.
	It's what we're talking about.
	Talking about mutants with some superpowers, which some people, some of them say they want.
	Okay.
	What time is in.
	Is it really, where is my guy?  Somebody is suppose to tell me it's 2 minutes past, oh, there you are, thank you.  Thank you (Laughter) well, I'm back, let me try to hop through the important points.
	You can't go overtime.
	People never remember what you say, but if you go 10 minutes over, they remember.
	Remember that guy, he went on and own.  What was he talking about?  I don't know.
	All right.
	So, a lot of work we do is with animals.
	We don't know yet how much will import to humans, how we use animals is prototypical.
	Some of it extreme.
	What you have here a genuine diagram of procedure that's carried out, where the head of monkey A was transplanted onto the head of monkey B.
	It was the first successful head transplant and almost 50 years ago.
	Now, doctor in Italy says he'll do this with humans in two years.
	There might be a problem dealing with humans.
	For one, here is a mouse we did it with, see how happy the mouse is.
	Happily.
	Here is another one giving away what happened to it, white body, black head.
	In this case we used electromagnetic pulses to detect what the mouse was thinking after the procedure.
	And that's what the mouse was thinking (Laughter).
	(Applause).
	Well, if I line up to do these things, one thing to put a chip in your arm, before you do head transplant, remember, unintended consequences, this is a movie, not real life.
	Her head about to be removed and put on another body.
	So, they're using animals.
	They have hybrid insect.
	Wanted to create bug army out The Beatles an bees.
	They're using shark [static-inaudible] they have better ability to detect electromagnetic field around us.
	The program, controlled arrive of insect of 5 meters of target -- where it must remain stationary indefinitely [static-inaudible] -- transmit data from [static-inaudible], one thing to send a spy into harms way, another thing to send a beetle.
	The way we think.
	They tried to do detection of biological warfare, by using honey bees, it found that after initial success, nevertheless they're instinctive behavior were feeding and mating and prevented them from -- reliably, in other words, they opted for sex and food.
	That discovery is probably what led to this, sex gay bomb.
	Laboratory, Air Force laboratory in Ohio, because, then, by spreading pheromones, among soldiers, the goal of this program was to turn them into that.
	See?  That's an actual photo.
	It's true, sexual orientation could not be changed so this didn't work.
	But they tried and wanted to build a gay bomb and hope, soldiers would be so enamored with one another, they with spread their uniforms, have sex and forget about fighting.
	Unfortunately, they're basing what heterosexuals do more often than gays.
	So we use animals, here you have a robot, dog robot, cheetah robot, and here, there's cheetah, there's the dog.
	More and more robotics being supplied with this, using animals, prototype of what we want to do with human beings.
	Want to make stronger, faster, great ability.
	This is insect they created, CPU on this guy, didn't take much, turn left, turn right, fly, stop, left and right, pay attention, turn on sensors, turn on data, bring it back.
	Sharks are senses humans don't have so they're working with sharks in the same way, remote control.
	[Static-inaudible] of course.
	In the bulletin of atomic sciences, these are non classified statements made, -- not all good research will be done exclusively in the west, results of work will make sick people well etc... -- [static-inaudible] 
	They'll do stem cell research in a way we will not accept, use unwilling prisoners as well as willing.
	-- work on [static-inaudible].
	Some sheep have livers with up to 80% human cells.
	Produce compounds made by human livers.
	We have pigs with pig blood cells, human blood cells and characteristic of both.
	You can find that in my family.
	But -- Stanford -- heading project that injected human stem cells into mouse [static-inaudible] they want to increase percentage to 100% human brains in mice bodies in order to better understand diseases.
	Starts with good intentions, understand diseases, but 100% human brain in a mouse, you can imagine the response.
	What the, it's only the start if that mouse learns to speak.
	Rabbits, human hybrids used for human research for study of Parkinson's disease.
	So you have [static-inaudible] -- identity of species up for grabs, and you have [static-inaudible] why are we doing this.
	Some of you saw this earlier, this is, I think -- one of best places to go to find out what has happened and is happening is historic review of proposals and information and study that's come out of [static-inaudible] you can connect a lot of dots.
	So you learn, there's experimental Pentagon program, develop 2 types of terminator type prosthetic arms -- programs limbs, flew F 35 fighter simulator using thoughts.
	It wants to build pacemaker device are hard drive the sorts for the brain.
	They want to use memory chip and alter consciousness of soldiers to make them fully aware.
	It's important to remember, 20, 30, 40 years these things began to be developed.
	Give you examples.
	1996, Air Force scientific advisory board prevent involuntary muscle movements, control emotions, sleep, interfere with short-term and long-term memory, produce and delete experiment sets.
	Think about that, these are high words for something challenging and daunting -- 1998.
	Paralyzed person move a cursor by thinking, the person's brain is computer mouse.
	2000, command Robotic thinks [static-inaudible] robot X wherever it is in the world.
	2002, mind [static-inaudible].
	When you go through timeline and connect the dots easy to see where it trends toward the future and what kind of trends govern it and to human identity.
	They want to create a real zombie army, you know what computer zombie army looks like, you know from movies what a real zombie army looks like, this is only half a joke.
	Because, with implants and universal connectivity between the being and who the implants are, put that will develop a [static-inaudible] mind and we already heard how instrumental it is to use those implants to change the action behavior and thinking and memory of the individuals so networked.
	What would it really look like to be so network?  It will look like this.
	They call them brainettes, formed by multiple animal brains, starting with rats, exchanging information in realtime through direct brain to brain interfaces, provide core of new type of computing device, organic computer.
	Organic computer devices means not only we can network animals with one another to increase processing power, we can network ourselves with other species and supplies our perceptions back and forth from one to another.
	Said of reporting out we add perceptual field [static-inaudible] it is using the connectivity to enhance the ability of all the members of different species to be part of one another.
	Back to KIF green.
	We need realtime cognitive measurements to watch people think while under stress.  This is achievable goal scientifically.
	Now global, increasing beyond the control of governments and public and individual scientists in the areas of anthropology trained [static-inaudible].
	Remember, concerned with defense and offense.
	Someone objected to treatment of [static-inaudible] because special ally friends and deputy director said we have no allies, we have no friends, we have only targets, read wikiautoleaks, Edward Snoden.
	If everybody is possible target, outside of sphere of nation state and inside.  You can connect the dots.
	What is they want, they don't want incremental change.
	Unconventional approaches outside mainstream challenge assumptions and potential to change practices and create entirely new fields.
	You don't want, just incremental change.
	They're not kidding.
	They're not kidding.
	Held symposium in Bay Area, from start up companies and academia, to look at advances in engineering, driving biology into new era, one in which biology is technology.
	We've got to come to, oh, shoot -- come to, close to the end.
	So let me just hit on points rather than discuss in any detail.
	Repair genetic defenses and cause the brain to grow tissue where it doesn't normally.
	Regenerate body parts, bladders, new life forms.
	You have capacity to do artificial intelligence and create synthetic organisms.
	One thing it wants to do is, MORPHING, -- I put it up there, because image, because what is happening to human identity as we describe it.  Starting in one place, it will go somewhere else.
	We can talk about whole micro biome and fecal transplants, when you, look it up on the web, you want get image of fecal transplant.
	You'll get happy patient.
	It's new, you can go and do hacking in the biome, it's successful, there's a program called give a shit campaign and it's true.
	In other words, shit not only happens but it patterns.
	[Static-inaudible] unique as fingerprints better than, want to hit points of memory.
	What is being done with memory, we can record a memory, play back into mouse, mouse that does not have it.
	Plant real and false memories, transplant, alter, delete, create new false memories.
	10 years ago rats were trained to fear [static-inaudible] and lost that fear when drug injected into brain.
	We have drugs that ease the pain of bad memories [static-inaudible].
	Long-term memories not really lost and just access to memories and has been restored in laboratory.
	Brain waves can be used to guide memory formation.
	Amnesia can be undone.
	On and on.
	Memories, be modulated or erased, enhanced or put into long-term core for retrieval.
	Do not underestimate according to the people I talked to, ability to target selective memories, not chemotherapy [static-inaudible] target selected memories for deletion and alteration.
	For the mouse we know we implanted false memory, transplanted no another [static-inaudible] it's all about cybernetics.
	Who is doing the control, okay.
	Does that mean you're excited?  No.
	Okay, I'm finishing, now.
	(Laughter), one more picture?  I have to have permission.
	I don't want to violate the thing here, example where you can go for this, THYNC, you can zap yourself here, it's product available.
	 Move this around, I don't know if it works.
	This is what the company says it looks like, this is what some people think it looks like after the fact.
	There's a lot of biohacking you can do.
	I will try to put these notes in some order so that they will be accessible in the whole of this presentation which I'm sorry ran long, when you integrate it, look all over the world what's being assimilated and synthesize it and think about what it means for humanity in the next week, month, year, it's humanity 2.0.
	You have to face, I am going to participate in creating that new humanity or a victim of it, thank you very, very much.
	(Applause).